How can convection be limited in a thermal insulation system?

Convection can be limited in a thermal insulation system by implementing barriers to fluid movement. Convection involves the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids (liquids and gases), where warmer portions of the fluid rise and cooler portions sink, creating a circulation pattern. By introducing barriers, such as insulation materials that restrict airflow or movement of the fluid, the convection currents are hindered. This significantly reduces the amount of heat transfer that occurs by convection, as the barriers effectively decrease the fluid's ability to circulate and carry heat away from or toward a surface. This method is essential in thermal insulation systems to maintain desired temperatures by minimizing heat loss or gain.